Abstract
Mycobacterium avium, an opportunistic intracellular pathogen, is a member of the non-tuberculous mycobacteria species. M. avium causes respiratory disease in immunosuppressed individuals and a wide range of animals, including companion dogs and cats. In particular, the number of infected companion dogs has increased, although the underlying mechanism of M. avium pathogenesis in dogs has not been studied. Therefore, in the present study, the host immune response against M. avium in dogs was investigated by transcriptome analysis of canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. M. avium was shown to induce different immune responses in canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells at different time points after infection. The expression of Th1-associated genes occurred early during M. avium infection, while that of Th17-associated genes increased after 12 h. In addition, the expression of apoptosis-related genes decreased and the abundance of intracellular M. avium increased in monocyte-derived macrophages after infection for 24 h. These results reveal the M. avium induces Th17 immune response and avoids apoptosis in infected canine cells. As the number of M. avium infection cases increases, the results of the present study will contribute to a better understanding of host immune responses to M. avium infection in companion dogs.
Highlights
Mycobacterium avium is a member of the most common non-tuberculous mycobacteria complex that causes chronic respiratory disease in humans (Prevots and Marras, 2015; Yano et al, 2017)
Our results revealed that the T cell response shifts from a Th1 to a Th17 cell response according to the time of infection and that the expression of apoptosisrelated genes decreased as intracellular M. avium proliferates in macrophages
The transcriptomes of canine Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) infected with M. avium for 0, 6, 12, and 24 h were analyzed by RNA-Seq
Summary
Mycobacterium avium is a member of the most common non-tuberculous mycobacteria complex that causes chronic respiratory disease in humans (Prevots and Marras, 2015; Yano et al, 2017). Some type of breeds are more susceptible to M. avium, and an increasing number of cases of M. avium infection in dogs have been reported, several of which have shown granulomatous inflammation in infected organs, such as lung, liver, bone marrow, intestine and lymph nodes (Kim et al, 1994; Haist et al, 2008; Campora et al, 2011; Kim et al, 2016; Ghielmetti and Giger, 2020). The increase in such cases suggests the possibility of a potential public health risk attributable to M. avium infection in dogs. The mechanism underlying M. avium infection in dogs remains to be elucidated
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