Abstract
The clinical characteristics and outcomes of 71 patients with mycobacterial bacteraemia, infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (n = 47) and not infected with HIV (n = 24) are described. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) (54.9%) constituted the most frequently isolated mycobacterium, followed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) (38.0%), Mycobacterium kansasii (4.2%), and Mycobacterium abscessus (2.8%). The Beijing family genotype was the most common type in MTB, and Mycobacterium intracellulare was the most common species in MAC. The overall mortality rate was 33.8%; it was lower in HIV-infected than in non-HIV-infected patients. HIV-infected patients were younger, had fewer underlying diseases and better nutritional status, and were more likely to have MAC bacteraemia than MTB bacteraemia.
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