Abstract
Objective: Antimicrobial efficacy of silver nanoparticles from Gliocladium roseum, culture filtrate (C. F.) and mycelial mat extract (M. E.) against selected pathogens.
 Methods: Culture filtrate (C. F.) and Mycelial mat extract (M. E.) of Gliocladium roseum were subjected to 10 Mm silver nitrate solution for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Formed silver nanoparticles were evaluated via UV-vis spectroscopy and the structural elucidation was done by FT-IR and TEM. Antimicrobial efficacy was tested against bacterial (Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumonia) and fungal (Cladosporium cladosporioides and Alternaria alternata) pathogens. Different nanoparticle concentrations-50, 100, 150 and 200 µl were checked via disc diffusion method.
 Results: Gliocladium roseum (C. F. and M. E.) on interaction with silver nitrate solution effectively reduced metallic silver exhibiting a colour change from yellow to dark brown within 24 h due to the formation of silver nanoparticles. The UV-vis spectrum of C. F. and M. E. showed maximum absorption peaks at 350-400 nm and 400-450 nm respectively and FT-IR and TEM showed strong N-H bonding and spherical shaped silver nanoparticles with the size of 11-19 nm (C. F.) and 25-38 nm (M. E.). Antimicrobial analysis resulted in efficient inhibitory activity against Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia and also showed moderate inhibitory activity against Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium cladopsorioides.
 Conclusion: The synthesis of silver nanoparticles from fungus Gliocladium roseum is simple, cheap, safe and eco-friendly thus emphasising on large scale scientific application.
Highlights
Microorganisms have a salient role in the present world
E. of Gliocladium roseum showed a colour change at room temperature from yellowish to dark brown within 24 h and later colour is due to Surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) characteristics of silver nanoparticles and control set not showed any colour change within the same environment
The UVvis spectrum of silver nanoparticles synthesised from mat extract and culture filtrate of Gliocladium roseum showed maximum absorption peaks at 350-400 nm and 400-450 nm, respectively
Summary
Microorganisms have a salient role in the present world. They are used for various purposes in different industries like chemical industry, food industry, medicinal fields, environmental benefits etc. They are deleterious to animals, human beings and plants. Human beings and plants are often infected by microorganisms such as bacteria, moulds, yeasts and viruses present in their living environments. Innovation of multiple antibiotic-resistant microorganisms as well as the appearance of undesirable side effects of certain antibiotics forced to develop new effective antimicrobial agents that can overcome the resistances of these microorganisms and are cost-effective. Development of nanotechnology-based medicines has opened a new territory to confront multidrug resistance in microorganisms and its alleviated obstacles [1,2,3,4]
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