Abstract
Fungi are a promising source for bioactive secondary metabolites against various agricultural pests. Soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of various plants at El-Khatatba, Egypt, in May 2016. Sixty-two fungal isolates were locally isolated and screened against Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Four fungal strains, showed potent control activities, were morphologically identified. Laboratory evaluation of the crude extracts of the selected strains, Aspergillus melleus, A. terreus, Emericella nidulans, and Chaetomium globosum, exhibited LC50 values of 10.27, 33.05, 14.68, and 22.40 mg/ml against females of T. urticae, respectively. Correspondent LC50 values that exhibited on eggs were 8.81, 23.17, 11.66, and 11.05 mg/ml. Consequently, secondary metabolites of A. melleus were separated by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Compounds separated from the active fraction were identified as mellamide, ochratoxin C, nodulisporic acid, 7-Oxocurvularin, and 6-(4′-hydroxy-2′-methyl phenoxy)-(−)-(3R)-mellein. Obtained secondary metabolites are promising sources for biopesticides to be used in bio-rationale control of T. urticae.
Highlights
Crop production is decreased annually by 18–26% because of arthropod pests (Culliney 2014)
Many reports showed that T. urticae can cause harsh damage to many agricultural crops such as vegetables, fruits, and ornamental plants (Fasulo and Denmark 2000)
The present study aimed to evaluate the control potential of ethyl acetate extract produced by different fungal strains against T. urticae under laboratory conditions
Summary
Crop production is decreased annually by 18–26% because of arthropod pests (Culliney 2014). Due to health and environmental hazards caused by chemical pesticides in addition to their effects on other non-target organisms such as predators, their use has been firmly regulated (Horikoshi et al 2017). The development of Currently, many chemicals used in agriculture to control pests are originally derived from microbial metabolites (Horikoshi et al 2017). Fungi and fungal metabolites exhibit a high toxicity to insects and mite pests; they show low toxicity to non-target organisms (Ragavendran and Natarajan 2015). Researchers thought that fungi use their products as well as mycotoxins as chemical defenses against different targets including insects and mites. Mycotoxins such as aflatoxin B and trichothecenes exhibit toxicity to many insect pests (Srivastava et al 2009). Microbial metabolites may be promising resources in a novel pesticide development (Horikoshi et al 2017)
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