Mycelial growth inhibition of plant pathogenic fungi by extracts of South African plant species

Abstract

SummaryEleven plant species were collected from the Blyde River Canyon area, Mpumalanga, South Africa. Methanolic crude extracts of the plant samples were concentrated to dryness, dissolved in sterile distilled water and bioassayed in the laboratory for their fungicidal potential against seven plant fungal pathogens, namely Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani, Verticillium dahliae, Botryosphaeria dothidea and Pythium ultimum, at equal concentrations.A modified agar dilution method was used to determine the inhibitory effect of the plant extracts on the mycelial radial growth of the plant pathogens. Antifungal activity was confirmed in all the plants, but not in all plant parts and also not against all the test organisms. The crude extract of Eucomis autumnalis performed best of all the plant extracts tested, as it showed significant antifungal activity against all seven of the plant pathogenic test organisms and compared favourably to the inhibition of the mycelial growth by a broad spectrum synthetic fungicide (carbendazim/ difenoconazole). The crude extract of Schrebera alata came out second best, in the sense that at least one plant part inhibited the mycelial radial growth of four of the seven test organisms by at least 50%.