Abstract
Previous research has continuously identified a need for a comprehensive model of working with first mothers in adoption. This gap in knowledge has hindered the development of services, to the detriment of the quality of life and well-being of this group. This study seeks to remedy this deficiency by exploring the lived experiences of Irish mothers who have lost a child through closed adoption. It aims to expand understanding of the impact of such loss, in particular exploring how it affects their journey of reconnection and reunion with their child in adulthood. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with six women from Ireland who had lost a child in this way and their narratives were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Two superordinate themes emerged from the data: ‘Motherhood concealed: the loss of autonomy and connection’ and ‘Motherhood revealed: a pathway towards autonomy and reconnection’. Within each superordinate theme, two subordinate ones were identified: ‘Dehumanised, disempowered and dismissed’, ‘Coping through disconnection’, ‘Breaking the silence’ and ‘Reunion and reconnection’. The first two of these encapsulate the loss of personal autonomy and connectedness resulting from the loss of a child and how participants coped with it. The two others describe the participants’ experiences of growth in personal autonomy and agency through the process of breaking the silence of their concealed motherhood and of reconnection and reunification with their now adult children. The findings indicate that engaging in therapeutic services and/or with adoption peer support enables participants to express their feelings of grief and move from coping strategies dominated by disconnection to ones marked by the autonomous processing of emotion and new coping patterns. The process of reunification with their children plays a significant role in this transition.
Highlights
The loss of a child through closed adoption is a profoundly unique experience, often fraught with intense feelings of grief, loss, shame, guilt, remorse and isolation (Madden, et al, 2018)
After being consulted about the wording which they felt accurately reflected and respected their self-referencing choices, the women participating in this study suggested the terms ‘first mother’ and ‘mothers who have lost a child through closed adoption’ as most appropriate
Motherhood concealed: the loss of autonomy and connection. This superordinate theme encapsulates the loss of personal autonomy and connectedness imposed on participants through their experience of losing a child through closed adoption
Summary
The loss of a child through closed adoption is a profoundly unique experience, often fraught with intense feelings of grief, loss, shame, guilt, remorse and isolation (Madden, et al, 2018) It often brings with it lifelong physical, psychological and social-interpersonal implications for those involved (Henney, et al, 2007). While each first mother’s response is personal and individualised, a number of variables have been found to affect post-adoption adjustment These include coercion (DeSimone, 1996; Madden, et al, 2016), availability of support (Krahn and Sullivan, 2015; Triseliotis, Feast and Kyle, 2005; Wiley and Baden, 2005) and later life events such as intimate relationships and parenting other children (Henney, et al, 2007; Krahn and Sullivan, 2015). The quality and amount of contact between a first mother and her adult adopted child several decades later may be significant (Ge, et al, 2008; McRoy, et al, 2007)
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