Mutual inhibition effect of sulfur compounds in the hydrodesulfurization of thiophene, 2-ethylthiophene and benzothiophene ternary mixture

Catalina Calin,Ionut Banu,Rami Doukeh,Elizabeth Wiita,Cristian Leostean,Elena-Emilia Oprescu,Ancuța Roxana Trifoi

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-98552-1

Abstract

The hydrodesulphurization of a model component and equimolar ternary mixture of thiophene, 2-ethylthiophene and benzothiophene over sulphided CoMo/γ-Al2O3 and CoMo/γ-Al2O3-Nb2O5 catalysts were investigated in a fixed bed flow reactor. The catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method and characterized by textural characteristics, total acidity and chemical species present on the catalysts surface. The characterization results showed that both CoMo/γ-Al2O3-Nb2O5 and sulphided CoMo/γ-Al2O3 catalysts exhibit a mesoporous structure with cylindrical pores open at both ends, evidenced by the IV type adsorption–desorption isotherm with a H1 hysteresis loop and have an average pore diameter between 3 and 4 nm. The chemical species present on the catalysts surface evaluated by XPS indicated that Co2+ and Mo4+ species are present in the sulfide form on both catalysts surfaces. In addition, there are also found oxidic species arising from incomplete reduction and sulphidation. The presence of niobium oxide in the catalytic support had a positive effect in leading to higher specific surface area (170 m2/g) and total acidity (0.421 meq/g) compared with CoMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst (140 m2/g and 0.283 meq/g) respectively. The evaluation results from the hydrodesulfurization showed that CoMo/γ-Al2O3-Nb2O5 catalyst had a higher activity in hydrodesulphurization process of thiophene, 2-ethylthiophene and benzothiophene. The CoMo/γ-Al2O3-Nb2O5 catalyst eliminated sulfur from the single component feed (corresponding to 2380 ppm S) and reduced below 10 ppm, for the feed consisting in the equimolar ternary mixture of thiophene, 2-ethylthiophene and benzothiophene (2380 ppm S). The reactivity of thiophen compounds was reduced due to competitive adsorption. It was observed that benzothiophene inhibits the transformation of thiophene and 2-ethylthiophene. A mutual inhibition effect between sulfur compounds was also observed when thiophene, 2-ethylthiophene and benzothiophene were combined and tested over the CoMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. The inhibition effect had a lower intensity by introducing Nb2O5 in the catalyst support.

Highlights

The hydrodesulphurization of a model component and equimolar ternary mixture of thiophene, 2-ethylthiophene and benzothiophene over sulphided CoMo/γ-Al2O3 and CoMo/γ-Al2O3-Nb2O5 catalysts were investigated in a fixed bed flow reactor
Removal of sulfur from petroleum fractions is of particular interest because sulfur compounds poison the catalysts used in the processing of these fractions, such as catalytic cracking and catalytic reforming
This paper aims to compare the activity of Co-Mo catalysts supported both on classical alumina support and alumina modified with niobium oxide

Summary

Introduction

The hydrodesulphurization of a model component and equimolar ternary mixture of thiophene, 2-ethylthiophene and benzothiophene over sulphided CoMo/γ-Al2O3 and CoMo/γ-Al2O3-Nb2O5 catalysts were investigated in a fixed bed flow reactor. A mutual inhibition effect between sulfur compounds was observed when thiophene, 2-ethylthiophene and benzothiophene were combined and tested over the CoMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. This research studies the inhibition effect in HDS for a mixture of aromatic sulfur compounds, depending on their structure and reaction conditions. For this purpose, thiophene (T), 2-ethylthiophene (2-ET) and benzothiophene (BT) were selected because they have different aromatic character due to the density of π electrons in their aromatic rings. To study the mutual inhibition effect changes, when a small amount of Nb2O5 is added to γ-Al2O3 support two catalysts, CoMo/γ-Al2O3 and CoMo/γ-Al2O3-Nb2O5 were tested over HDS of individual thiophene, 2-ethylthiophene and benzothiophene and their equimolar ternary mixture

Objectives

Results

Conclusion