Abstract
Nanofluid injection is a technique used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The performance of nanofluids varies in the presence of different salts. Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ cations are among the most common ions found in the formation water, which affect oil recovery through different mechanisms. Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions can change water and oil systems, because of their proper load density. The polar components of oil migrate toward water/oil interface in the presence of some ions. As a result, interfacial tension decreases and, consequently, the stability of water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion increases. Smart water (i.e., ionically modified water) injection in carbonate reservoirs has been developed during the past decade. In this study, smart water as well as a nanofluid were injected into an oil reservoir containing various types of cations with different salinities. The effects of different salts on the performance of Fe3O4/chitosan nanocomposite (synthesized in the previous studies for EOR) for emulsion stability were ...
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