Abstract
The mutual coupling between antenna elements affects the antenna parameters like terminal impedances, reflection coefficients and hence the antenna array performance in terms of radiation characteristics, output signal-to-interference noise ratio (SINR), and radar cross section (RCS). This coupling effect is also known to directly or indirectly influence the steady state and transient response, the resolution capability, interference rejection, and direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation competence of the array. Researchers have proposed several techniques and designs for optimal performance of phased array in a given signal environment, counteracting the coupling effect. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the methods that model and mitigate the mutual coupling effect for different types of arrays. The parameters that get affected due to the presence of coupling thereby degrading the array performance are discussed. The techniques for optimization of the antenna characteristics in the presence of coupling are also included.
Highlights
A phased array comprises of definitely arranged, finite sized antenna elements, which are fed by an appropriate feed network
This paper presents an overview of the methods that model mutual coupling effect in terms of impedance matrix for different arrays
Researchers have extended the conventional methods based on self- and mutual impedance matrix to include the effects of calibration errors and near field scatterers
Summary
A phased array comprises of definitely arranged, finite sized antenna elements, which are fed by an appropriate feed network. The properties of these signals depend on the power of the signal, reflection coefficients, and the additional electrical phase introduced due to the propagation delay from one element to the other This kind of interaction between the antenna elements will lead to coupling effect and can alter the array characteristics. The presence of coupling in an array changes the terminal impedances of the antennas, reflection coefficients, and the array gain These being the fundamental properties of the array have a greater influence on their radiation characteristics, output signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) and radar cross section (RCS).
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