Mutation of amino acids in SARS-CoV-2 may be responsible for CoV-2 vaccine long term inefficiency

Abstract

Abstract Objectives SARS-CoV-2 vaccines confer protection for ~2 months, hence the need for a booster dose. The inefficiency of the vaccines may be attributed to mutated amino acids leading to changes in the structure and function of immunogenetic viral particles. Therefore, literature search was carried out with a view to identifying problems of CoV-2 vaccine long term inefficiency, using missensed amino acids of the immunogens. Methods Narrative review of six different COVID-19 vaccines administered at different centres to a total population of 98 979 individuals aged ≥18–95 years was adopted. The number of individuals that came down with infection postvaccination, vaccine dose administered, recorded mortality, postvaccinated infection-free individuals, immunogenicity status, missense mutation, incidence, probability and quality of mutation among amino acids sequences of the vaccinated viral particles were determined. Key findings Findings have shown that some live-attenuated vaccines such as BBIBP-CorV, WBIP, ChAdOxnCoV and Ad26.CoV2.5 are efficacious but could induce mortal infection and mutation of amino acids such as aspartic acid, glycine, cysteine, aspartate, tyrosine, phenylalanine, threonine, serine, alanine, methionine, leucine and lysine. Conclusion Mutation of some specific amino acids could be responsible for the severe pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 and vaccine failure. Modalities that regulate the synthesis of nucleobases and amino acids could be used to avert vaccine failure and improves the immunogenicity of the vaccines.