Mutagenicity of 2-[2-(acetylamino)-4-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-5-methoxyphenyl]-5-amino-7-bromo-4-chloro-2 H-benzotriazole (PBTA-6) and benzo[ a]pyrene (BaP) in the gill and hepatopancreas of rpsL transgenic zebrafish

Abstract

We examined the in vivo mutagenicity of 2-[2-(acetylamino)-4-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-5-methoxyphenyl]-5-amino-7-bromo-4-chloro-2 H-benzotriazole (PBTA-6) and benzo[ a]pyrene (BaP) by using transgenic (Tg) zebrafish carrying the mutational target gene rpsL. PBTA-6 is one of the PBTA-type compounds that were recently identified in highly mutagenic river water in Japan. BaP is a well-known contaminant that is frequently found in polluted water. Both compounds are potent mutagens, as determined by using the Ames test employing S9 mix and Salmonella. Adult rpsL Tg zebrafish were exposed to 0, 7, or 10 mg/L PBTA-6 or 0, 1.5, or 3 mg/L BaP for 96 h in a water bath and the mutations in their gills and hepatopancreata were measured 2–4 weeks later. At 3 weeks after exposure, 3 mg/L BaP significantly increased the rpsL mutant frequency (MF) in the gill and hepatopancreas by 5- and 2.3-fold, respectively, as compared to control fish. Sequence analysis showed that BaP mainly induced G:C to T:A and G:C to C:G transversions, which is consistent with the known mutagenic effects of BaP. In contrast, despite its extremely high mutagenic potency in Salmonella strains, PBTA-6 did not significantly increase the MF in the zebrafish gill or hepatopancreas. Although PBTA-6 is 300 times more mutagenic than BaP in the Ames test [T. Watanabe, H. Nukaya, Y. Terao, Y. Takahashi, A. Tada, T. Takamura, H. Sawanishi, T. Ohe, T. Hirayama, T. Sugimura, K. Wakabayashi, Synthesis of 2-phenylbenzotriazole-type mutagens, PBTA-5 and PBTA-6, and their detection in river water from Japan, Mutat. Res. 498 (2001) 107–115], calculation of the mutagenicity per mole of compound indicated that PBTA-6 was 33- and <3.7-fold less mutagenic in the zebrafish gill and hepatopancreas, respectively, than BaP.