Mutagenicity evaluation to UV filters of benzophenone-6, benzophenone-8, and 4-methylbenzylidene camphor by Ames test.

Zhou-Tao Pei,Meng Zhang,Amitava Mukherjee,Jing Zhang,Wen-Qiang Wang,Li-Wei Sun,Ya-Ni Zhao,Jing-Ya Wu,Ran Yu,Li-Ling Zhang

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0255504

Abstract

Benzophenone (BPs) and 4-Methylbenzylidene Camphor are used as ultraviolet (UV) filters to protect the skin and hair in personal care products. The discharging of the three chemicals may endanger the receiving water ecosystem. In the present study, the mutagenicity of BP-6, BP-8, and 4-Methylbenzylidene Camphor was tested using the Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation test (Ames test) in the system with and without rat liver microsomal preparations (S9). Four S.typhimurium strains, TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA102 were employed in the Ames tests. The mutagenicity was detected from all three chemicals. The addition of S9 increased the mutation ratios of three chemicals to four strains, except BP-6 to TA100 strain and 4-MBC to TA97 and TA98 strain. In the mixed experiment, all positive effects were detected in the absence of S9. However, the results all became negative in the presence of S9. For the mixture of BP-6 and 4-MBC, positive results were detected on four tester strains except for the TA100 strain. For the mixture of BP-6, BP-8, and 4-MBC, positive results were detected on four strains. The mixture test results showed antagonism in mutagenicity for the mixture of BP-6 and 4-MBC to TA98 and TA100 strains and the mixture of BP-6, BP-8, and 4-MBC to TA100 and TA102 strains.

Highlights

In recent years, two types of ultraviolet (UV) filters, inorganic filters and organic filters, have been widely used in personal care products, such as sunscreen, lipstick, shampoo [1]
The number of spontaneous reverse mutation colonies in the blank and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) control was between 90–180 for TA97strain, 30–50 for TA98 strain, 100–200 for TA100 strain, and 240– 320 for TA102 strain, which all qualified the quality control requirements of the Ames test [25, 29]
The results proved that the DMSO dose used in this study did not cause mutagenicity

Summary

Introduction

Two types of ultraviolet (UV) filters, inorganic filters and organic filters, have been widely used in personal care products, such as sunscreen, lipstick, shampoo [1]. The content of UV filters in personal care products is generally between 0.1% -10% [1]. According to the regulations in the European Union and the United States, twenty-six and fourteen organic UV filters were permitted to be added to personal care products, respectively [2]. In Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition) of China, 26 species of organic UV filters are allowed to be used in cosmetics [3].

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Discussion

Conclusion