Mussel-Inspired Carboxymethyl Chitosan Hydrogel Coating of Titanium Alloy with Antibacterial and Bioactive Properties.

Yanru Ren,Yi Hou,Xiaoyan Qin,Luo Liu,Mike Barbeck,Chaoyong Liu,Haijun Xu

doi:10.3390/ma14226901

Yanru Ren, Yi Hou + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14226901

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Abstract

Infection-related titanium implant failure rates remain exceedingly high in the clinic. Functional surface coating represents a very promising strategy to improve the antibacterial and bioactive properties of titanium alloy implants. Here, we describe a novel bioactive surface coating that consists of a mussel-inspired carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel loaded with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to enhance the bioactive properties of the titanium alloy. The preparation of hydrogel is based on gallic acid grafted carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS-GA) catalyzed by DMTMM (4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride). To build a firm bonding between the hydrogel and titanium alloy plate, a polydopamine layer was introduced onto the surface of the titanium alloy. With HRP/H2O2 catalysis, CMCS-GA can simply form a firm gel layer on the titanium alloy plate through the catechol groups. The surface properties of titanium alloy were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and water contact angle. Silver nanoparticles were loaded into the gel layer by in situ reduction to enhance the antibacterial properties. In vitro antibacterial and cell viability experiments showed that the AgNPs-loaded Ti-gel possesses excellent antibacterial properties and did not affect the proliferation of rabbit mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

Highlights

Titanium and its alloys have become much more popular than other metals in clinics [1], for example, in orthopedic and cardiovascular implants, owing to their superior tissue compatibility, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance [2]
We have demonstrated a novel bioactive surface coating that consists o a mussel‐inspired carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel loaded with AgNPs to enhance th bioactive properties of the titanium alloy
We have demonstrated a novel bioactive surface coating that consists of a mussel-inspired carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel loaded with AgNPs to enhance the bioactive properties of the titanium alloy

Summary

Introduction

Titanium and its alloys have become much more popular than other metals in clinics [1], for example, in orthopedic and cardiovascular implants, owing to their superior tissue compatibility, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance [2]. Despite clean surgical procedures being followed and modern antibiotic regimes being used, the infectionrelated titanium implant failure rates remain exceedingly high in the clinic. They account for approximately 14% of total implant failures in dental implant therapy. Various strategies have been reported to modify titanium surfaces with antibacterial properties, which mainly include: (1) loading of antibacterial drugs, such as antibiotics [3], or attaching antimicrobial peptides [4] to the surface; (2) introducing inorganic antibacterial metal elements such as F, Cu, Zn, or Ag by alloy or modification [5];

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