Musical countertransference experiences of music therapists: A phenomenological study

Abstract

This study investigated the experience of musical countertransference, defined as a musical reply in response to feelings, thoughts, images, and physical reactions evoked by the client. Eight psychodynamically oriented music therapists of various psychodynamic orientations were interviewed using a phenomenological, qualitative approach. The purpose of the research was to investigate factors within the experience including: (a) non-verbal communication; (b) signals; (c) discerning reactions; and (d) response to awareness and utilization of musical countertransference. Treatment value and definition were also explored. The researcher conducted telephone interviews, 45–60 min in length. A phenomenological data analysis followed, extracting themes. All music therapists described the phenomenon as an unconscious musical communication between the therapist and the client that becomes conscious overtime. Common signals included a strong urge to respond and tension. In most cases, the description of music played in session paralleled the relationship. The study examined differences in the experience with various diagnoses, as well as classically trained musicians. Themes with musicians included use of music as defense and competency issues, while the experience was found to be similar across diagnoses. Every participant acknowledged a positive treatment value to musical countertransference and described the phenomenon as useful to understanding his/her clients.