Abstract
This study expores neural activity underlying creative processes through the investigation of music improvisation. Fourteen guitar players with a high level of improvisation skill participated in this experiment. The experimental task involved playing 32-s alternating blocks of improvisation and scales on guitar. electroencephalography (EEG) data was measured continuously throughout the experiment. In order to remove potential artifacts and extract brain-related activity the following signal processing techniques were employed: bandpass filtering, Artifact Subspace Reconstruction, and Independent Component Analysis (ICA). For each participant, artifact related independent components (ICs) were removed from the EEG data and only ICs found to be from brain activity were retained. Source localization using this brain-related activity was carried out using sLORETA. Greater activity for improvisation over scale was found in multiple frequency bands (theta, alpha, and beta) localized primarily in the medial frontal cortex (MFC), Middle frontal gyrus (MFG), anterior cingulate, polar medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), premotor cortex (PMC), pre and postcentral gyrus (PreCG and PostCG), superior temporal gyrus (STG), inferior parietal lobule (IPL), and the temporal-parietal junction. Together this collection of brain regions suggests that improvisation was mediated by processes involved in coordinating planned sequences of movement that are modulated in response to ongoing environmental context through monitoring and feedback of sensory states in relation to internal plans and goals. Machine-learning using Common Spatial Patterns (CSP) for EEG feature extraction attained a mean of over 75% classification performance for improvisation vs. scale conditions across participants. These machine-learning results are a step towards the development of a brain-computer interface that could be used for neurofeedback training to improve creativity.
Highlights
The neural processes underlying creativity is a topic of great interest
Our study shows activity in brain regions involved with internally directed attention as well as those involved with externally directed attention (DLPFC)
This study investigated neural processes related to playing improvisation relative to scale music
Summary
There has been considerable research that has yielded valuable insights into possible neural correlates involved in creative thinking (Mölle et al, 1999; Jung-Beeman et al, 2004; Fink and Neubauer, 2006). Experimental tasks that are used in this field of research are often very simple and far removed from real-life experience. They may be indicative only of basic aspects of creative thinking. Research in this field needs to consider the neuroergonomic investigation of more complex, ‘‘real-life’’ tasks involving creative processing. Improvisation is the process of generating something novel and esthetically appealing, spontaneously in real-time, while evaluating and coordinating ongoing performance in relation to relevant context (Beaty, 2015)
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