Music and Dance: A Theory of the Relations Between Music and Possession.

Abstract

Trance ritual selalu dikaitkan erat dengan musik-tapi mengapa, dan bagaimana? Gilbert Rouget menawarkan dan analisis diperpanjang musik dan trance, menyimpulkan bahwa tidak ada hukum universal dapat menjelaskan hubungan antara musik dan trance; mereka sangat bervariasi dan tergantung pada sistem makna dari konteks budaya mereka. Rouget ketat memeriksa korpus seluruh dunia data dari literatur etnografi, tetapi ia juga mengacu pada Alkitab, lapangan sendiri di Afrika Barat, dan tulisan-tulisan Plato, Ghazali, dan Rousseau. Untuk mengatur toko besar informasi ini, ia mengembangkan tipologi trans berdasarkan simbolisme dan manifestasi eksternal. Dia menguraikan perbedaan mendasar antara trance dan ekstasi, perdukunan dan kepemilikan semangat, dan trance komunal dan emosional. Musik dianalisis dalam hal pemain, praktik, instrumen, dan asosiasi dengan tarian. Setiap jenis trans menarik kekuatan dari musik dengan cara yang berbeda di berbagai titik dalam ritual, Rouget menyimpulkan. Dalam kepemilikan trance, musik menginduksi mahir untuk mengidentifikasi dirinya dengan dewa dan memungkinkan dia untuk mengekspresikan identifikasi ini melalui tarian. Paksa menolak pseudo-science dan reduksionisme, Rouget demystifies yang disebut teori efek neurofisiologis dari drum pada trans. Ritual trance has always been closely associated with music—but why, and how? Gilbert Rouget offers and extended analysis of music and trance, concluding that no universal law can explain the relations between music and trance; they vary greatly and depend on the system of meaning of their cultural context. Rouget rigorously examines a worldwide corpus of data from ethnographic literature, but he also draws on the Bible, his own fieldwork in West Africa, and the writings of Plato, Ghazzali, and Rousseau. To organize this immense store of information, he develops a typology of trance based on symbolism and external manifestations. He outlines the fundamental distinctions between trance and ecstasy, shamanism and spirit possession, and communal and emotional trance. Music is analyzed in terms of performers, practices, instruments, and associations with dance. Each kind of trance draws strength from music in different ways at different points in a ritual, Rouget concludes. In possession trance, music induces the adept to identify himself with his deity and allows him to express this identification through dance. Forcefully rejecting pseudo-science and reductionism, Rouget demystifies the so-called theory of the neurophysiological effects of drumming on trance. He concludes that music's physiological and emotional effects are inseparable from patterns of collective representations and behavior, and that music and trance are linked in as many ways as there are cultural structures