Abstract
The paper presents ethnomycological data on ritual, medicinal, tinder, and kindling usage of mushrooms and lichens in Bulgaria from prehistoric times till nowadays. It is based on the analysis of 17 ethnomycological sources recently available and on the authors inquiries and field trip data from the country made in the period 1986–2015. In total 18 mushrooms and 4 lichens with their usage are enlisted.
Highlights
The study of fungi in folklore and rituals, from prehistoric times to the present days, comprises the science of ethnomycology [1], to which the first main contributions are given by V
This study compiles and evaluates the ethnomycological data currently available from 17 sources [18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34] related with the recent territory of Bulgaria (Figure 1)
In that time people consumed hallucinogenic fungi during their mysteries. Nowadays this entheogenic use is replaced by utilization of two hallucinogenic mushrooms as a source of recreational drugs, and usage of 5 new species, both autoand allochthonous during the last decades, is documented
Summary
The study of fungi in folklore and rituals, from prehistoric times to the present days, comprises the science of ethnomycology [1], to which the first main contributions are given by V. G. Wasson [2] included Bulgaria in their ethnomycological studies on the role of mushrooms in the daily lives of different European people. G. Wasson [2] remains the only known glimpse on Bulgarian ethnomycology. The knowledge on mushrooms used for food and changes in food habits of Bulgarian people due to globalization were summarized by [17]. The purpose of the present paper is to provide more information related to other usage of fungi The purpose of the present paper is to provide more information related to other usage of fungi (incl. lichens) in Bulgaria since ancient times to nowadays
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