Museum heritage in the conditions of war: history and modern Ukrainian realities

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to generalize the Ukrainian and European experience in the direction of cultural heritage preservation in the context of the formation of cultural and nation-preserving development priorities in the conditions of war. The methodology is based on a set of principles and methods of knowledge, the choice of which was determined by interdisciplinary approaches to the disclosure of the topic, set tasks and the specifics of the sources. The analysis of the theoretical works of leading Ukrainian and foreign experts in the field of culture and museology made it possible to systematically investigate the theoretical foundations and development of museology in the specified period. Scientific novely.The article presents an analysis of the scientific development of the problem and the representativeness of the source base based on the methodological toolkit; the gains and losses of Ukrainian museums are outlined and prospects for improving educational activities are determined; the positive experience of organizing the cultural and educational activities of foreign museums in the context of establishing the nation-preserving potential of culture has been identified. Conclusions. It is emphasized that museums have become in most modern countries of the world the best presentation of their cultural, spiritual, and political development. Summarizing the existing conceptual foundations of the phenomenon of preservation of cultural heritage makes it possible to assert that cultural heritage has the highest potential in the historical process of human development, and therefore the need for its preservation and effective use as one of the most important resources of civilizational development is increasing. In the normative and institutional dimension, when cultural heritage becomes one of the priority objects of protection by individual states and the international community as a whole, the process of its protection can be characterized as a purposeful, organizationally determined, institutionally structured and functionally determined activity of public organizations, the state and the international community regarding the preservation, provision and reproduction of tangible and intangible objects of cultural heritage, as well as established social relations, which are related to this.