Musculoskeletal responses of 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses to early training. 2. Measurement error and effect of training stage on the relationship between objective and subjective criteria of training workload

Abstract

AIM: To identify the magnitude and sources of error involved in simply quantifying the workload of a group of Thoroughbred racehorses in training. METHODS: Data were obtained from seven 2-year-old fillies trained for 13 weeks on sand and grass tracks at various cantering velocities, and at the gallop in the last 4 weeks. Four fillies completed training and comprised a ‘high exercise intensity’ subgroup; three fillies did not complete all gallops due to lameness or injury and comprised a ‘medium exercise intensity’ subgroup. The trainer recorded the distance, time, track used, and subjective gait (SG; viz canter, ¼-pace, ½-pace and gallop) of each horse each day. Data were analysed to describe the training programme and sources of variation in workload. A cumulative workload index (CWI) was devised to simply express distance and velocity aspects of the training programme. RESULTS: The magnitude of errors in measurement of timing and distance were small but significant (<0.8%, p=0.01). SG was an inaccurate descriptor of velocity. Mean velocity of ½-pace decreased from 8.92 (SE 0.049) in Weeks 6–8 to 6.33 (SE 0.061) m/sec after the start of galloping sessions in Week 9 (p=0.01). Track surface had a significant effect on the velocity of ½-pace (p=0.001). The fastest velocity was recorded on the grass (9.06, SE 0.292 m/sec), followed by ‘plough’ (8.23, SE 0.152 m/sec), and sand (7.90, SE 0.132 m/sec) tracks. The CWI of the horses ranged between 1,085,000 and 1,634,000 (mean=1,428,000; SE 78,000). The average exercise intensity per week was 110,000 (SE 1,048). There were no significant differences between high and medium exercise intensity subgroups for the canter and ¼-pace. The high exercise subgroup had a greater CWI for the ½-pace (839,000 vs 559,000; p=0.004), gallop (71,000 vs 31,000; p=0.001), and total index (1,580,000 vs 1,242,000; p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The workload history of a horse can be accurately described using an index based on manual measurement of the time and distance worked. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Accurate and precise data on the training programme of performance horses are likely to enable greater differentiation of aspects of workload which are associated with both performance and injury.