Musculoskeletal Intervention: Thinking Outside the Box

Abstract

In its early years, interventional radiology was considered principally the domain of vascular radiologists. As the subspecialty evolved, biliary and gastrointestinal intervention, as well as general genitourinary intervention, formed an increasingly large part of interventional practices. During the past dozen years, musculoskeletal procedures have also come to have a higher profile, particularly with the advent of cement injection procedures and ablation technologies. Angiographic procedures dealing with the musculoskeletal system have principally been restricted to embolization procedures following trauma or in the treatment of tumors for preoperative devascularization or for