Abstract
Musculature of male genitalia is for the first time revealed and described in Celyphidae (Diptera). We have defined the specific features of sclerites and muscles of Celyphidae male genitalia on the basis of the comparative analysis of these anatomical structures in other acalyptrate flies. The secondary symmetry of male pregenital and genital sclerites, muscles, and merged segments 7 and 8 (forming syntergosternite 7 + 8) in Celyphidae possibly indicates that this family is closely related to Lauxaniidae and Diopsoidea. Moreover, Celyphidae is similar to Psilidae in terms of syntergosternite 7 + 8 decreased, pregenital muscles partially reduced, hypandrial structures partially reduced, muscles M1 and M2 merged, and muscle M25 reduced. Celyphidae are characterized by the presence of pregonites (gonopods sensu) and associated muscles M42. We suppose that pregonites (and corresponding muscles) connected with hypandrium originated independently in different groups of Cyclorrhapha.
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