Abstract
BackgroundGrip strength is a reliable predictor of whole body strength in older adults, but muscle characteristics of people with different activity levels have not been studied previously. The present study examined the relationship between grip strength (GS), quadriceps peak torque (QPT), functional endurance, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older female golfers.MethodsTwenty-nine healthy female golfers (mean age 69.1 years, SD 3.4) participated. The ISOCOM and JAMAR dynamometers were used to assess QPT and GS, respectively. Functional endurance tests included 1-min sit-to-stand test (1MSTS), 30-s wall press (30SWP), and 2-min stair climb (2MSC). HRQol was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire.ResultsMean GS and QPT were 27.5 ± 4 kg/f and 103.7 ± 25.1 N m, respectively. Mean scores for the 1MSTS, 30SWP, and 2MSC were 31 ± 7.7, 17.4 ± 3.5, and 237.5 ± 48.6 repetitions, respectively. GS was moderately correlated with QPT (r = 0.44), 1MSTS (r = 0.36), and 2MSC (r = 0.36), but had weak correlation with 30SWP (r = 0.003). Moderate correlation was observed between quadriceps peak torque and the 1MSTS (r = 0.50; p = 0.01), 2MSC (r = 0.44; p = 0.02) and 30SWP (r = 0.33). 30SWP and 2MSC had moderate correlations with PF r = 0.41 (p = 0.03) and r = 0.61 (p < 0.0005) and general physical well-being r = 0.47 (p = 0.01) and r = 0.39 (p = 0.04), respectively.ConclusionQuadriceps strength was more closely associated with functional endurance than grip strength. A single strength measure may not reflect overall muscle characteristics in active older females, and hence, assessment of both upper and lower limb strengths may be appropriate.
Highlights
The population is ageing and the proportion of people aged over 65 years is projected to increase from 16% of the total population to 24% by 2051 [1]
Moderate correlation was observed between quadriceps peak torque and the 1-min sit-tostand test (1MSTS) (r = 0.50; p = 0.01), 2-min stair climb (2MSC) (r = 0.44; p = 0.02) and 30-s wall press (30SWP) (r = 0.33). 30SWP and 2MSC had moderate correlations with PF r = 0.41
Lower limb endurance tests were significantly correlated with quadriceps peak torque
Summary
The population is ageing and the proportion of people aged over 65 years is projected to increase from 16% of the total population to 24% by 2051 [1]. The promotion of regular exercise is important for encouraging active ageing to maintain general health. This calls for effective ways to measure muscle strength and endurance in active older individuals. The present study examined the relationship between grip strength (GS), quadriceps peak torque (QPT), functional endurance, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older female golfers. GS was moderately correlated with QPT (r = 0.44), 1MSTS (r = 0.36), and 2MSC (r = 0.36), but had weak correlation with 30SWP (r = 0.003). Moderate correlation was observed between quadriceps peak torque and the 1MSTS (r = 0.50; p = 0.01), 2MSC (r = 0.44; p = 0.02) and 30SWP (r = 0.33).
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