Murine diet-induced obesity remodels cardiac and liver mitochondrial phospholipid acyl chains with differential effects on respiratory enzyme activity

Abstract

Cardiac phospholipids, notably cardiolipin, undergo acyl chain remodeling and/or loss of content in aging and cardiovascular diseases, which is postulated to mechanistically impair mitochondrial function. Less is known about how diet-induced obesity influences cardiac phospholipid acyl chain composition and thus mitochondrial responses. Here we first tested if a high fat diet remodeled murine cardiac mitochondrial phospholipid acyl chain composition and consequently disrupted membrane packing, supercomplex formation and respiratory enzyme activity. Mass spectrometry analyses revealed that mice consuming a high fat diet displayed 0.8–3.3 fold changes in cardiac acyl chain remodeling of cardiolipin, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Biophysical analysis of monolayers constructed from mitochondrial phospholipids of obese mice showed impairment in the packing properties of the membrane compared to lean mice. However, the high fat diet, relative to the lean controls, had no influence on cardiac mitochondrial supercomplex formation, respiratory enzyme activity, and even respiration. To determine if the effects were tissue specific, we subsequently conducted select studies with liver tissue. Compared to the control diet, the high fat diet remodeled liver mitochondrial phospholipid acyl chain composition by 0.6–5.3-fold with notable increases in n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturation. The remodeling in the liver was accompanied by diminished complex I to III respiratory enzyme activity by 3.5-fold. Finally, qRT-PCR analyses demonstrated an upregulation of liver mRNA levels of tafazzin, which contributes to cardiolipin remodeling. Altogether, these results demonstrate that diet-induced obesity remodels acyl chains in the mitochondrial phospholipidome and exerts tissue specific impairments of respiratory enzyme activity.