Mural Endocarditis and Embolic Pneumonia Due to Trueperella pyogenes in an Adult Cow with Ventricular Septal Defect.

Domenico Caivano,Maria Chiara Marchesi,Noemi Venanzi,Piero Boni,Fabrizio Passamonti,Elvio Lepri

doi:10.3390/vetsci8120318

Domenico Caivano, Maria Chiara Marchesi + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8120318

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Journal: Veterinary sciences	Publication Date: Dec 9, 2021
Citations: 1	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: University of Perugia

Abstract

Bacterial endocarditis represents one of the most frequently acquired cardiac diseases in adult cattle. Congenital heart diseases as a ventricular septal defect can facilitate bacterial endocarditis as a consequence of turbulent blood flow through the defect, causing damage to the endocardium. We describe a case of mural endocarditis associated with a ventricular septal defect in an eight-year-old female Holstein Friesian cow. The cow’s history revealed that she had presented dysorexia and a sudden decrease of milk production in the last 10 days prior to the examination. On clinical examination, jugular pulses, tachycardia with irregular heart rate and tachypnea with harsh bronchovesicular sounds were evident. Electrocardiographic examination allowed the diagnosis of an atrial fibrillation with high ventricular response rate. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a large vegetation originating from the endocardium between the tricuspid and pulmonic valves in the right ventricle outflow. On post-mortem examination, a small muscular septal defect under the right coronary cusp of the aortic valve and a mural vegetative endocarditis were found. An abscess in the chondro-costal junction of the third right rib and metastatic pneumonia were also observed. This case report describes a rare consequence of a small ventricular septal defect that had not been previously diagnosed in an adult cow.

Highlights

To the authors’ knowledge, endocarditis with a ventricular septal defect (VSD) has been reported in cattle only in one case report, in which the congenital and acquired heart defects (CHD) had been previously diagnosed [17]
The aim of this casereport reportisistotodescribe describe the clinical presentation and electrocardiographic, echocarcase the clinical presentation and thethe electrocardiographic, echocardiodiographic and post-mortem findings in an adult cow affected by mural endocarditis with graphic and post-mortem findings in an adult cow affected by mural endocarditis with a a small that had not been previously diagnosed
This case report describes a rare consequence of a small VSD that had not been previously diagnosed in an adult cow

Summary

Introduction

Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. To the authors’ knowledge, endocarditis with a VSD has been reported in cattle only in one case report, in which the CHD had been previously diagnosed [17] The aim of this casereport reportisistotodescribe describe the clinical presentation and electrocardiographic, echocarcase the clinical presentation and thethe electrocardiographic, echocardiodiographic and post-mortem findings in an adult cow affected by mural endocarditis with graphic and post-mortem findings in an adult cow affected by mural endocarditis with a a small. × 4 mm)a muscular muscular defect was under the right coronary cusp ofpartially the aortic valve,by pardefect was septal evident under theevident right coronary cusp of the aortic valve, covered a tially covered by a fibrous edge and clots of fibrin On cut surface, this small fibrous edge and clots of fibrin (Figure 3).

Discussion

Conclusions