Abstract
A positive muon spin rotation and relaxation $({\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}\text{SR})$ experiment on a single crystal of ${\text{Ba}}_{2}{\text{CoO}}_{4}$ indicates the existence of an antiferromagnetic (AF) transition occurring at ${T}_{N}\ensuremath{\approx}24\text{ }\text{K}$. Weak transverse field measurements show that the paramagnetic volume fraction of the sample decreases rapidly at the magnetic transition, indicating a bulk effect which cannot be due to the presence of impurities. Zero-field measurements reveal the presence of a magnetically ordered state below ${T}_{N}$ with at least three crystallographically inequivalent muon sites. The results are compared to recent magnetic susceptibility and neutron measurements. Of the two AF spin structures proposed to explain recent neutron experiments, the ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}\text{SR}$ results clearly exclude the one involving AF order along the $c$ axis while supporting that with AF order in the $ab$ plane.
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