Abstract
In this study, phytochemical assisted nanoparticle synthesis was performed using Muntingia calabura leaf extracts to produce copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) with interesting morphology. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis of the biosynthesized CuO NPs reveal formation of distinct, homogeneous, and uniform sized CuO nanorods structure with thickness and length of around 23 nm and 79 nm, respectively. Based on Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, the unique combinations of secondary metabolites such as flavonoid and polyphenols in the plant extract are deduced to be effective capping agents to produce nanoparticles with unique morphologies similar to conventional chemical synthesis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis verified the monoclinical, crystalline structure of the CuO NPs. The phase purity and chemical identity of the product was consolidated via X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopic data which indicate the formation of a single phase CuO without the presence of other impurities. The direct and indirect optical band gap energies of the CuO nanorods were recorded to be 3.65 eV and 1.42 eV.
Highlights
Copper oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are the multifunctional members of the family of copper compounds, with unique properties compared to its macroscopic counterparts
This dilemma paved the way for novel attempts to synthesize CuO NPs using plant extracts as the more sustainable method [11,12,13]
CuO NPs were synthesized by using different amounts (0.5 g, 1 g, 2 g, and 5 g) of M. calabura leaves powder suspended in 100 mL deionized water, followed by heating at 80 ◦C for 20 min [32,33,34]
Summary
Copper oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are the multifunctional members of the family of copper compounds, with unique properties compared to its macroscopic counterparts. While the conventional wet chemistry method was very effective in producing homogeneously sized CuO NPs, the environmental hazards posed by the usage of certain chemical species remained a major concern [9,10]. This dilemma paved the way for novel attempts to synthesize CuO NPs using plant extracts as the more sustainable method [11,12,13]. A variety of phytochemicals containing plant extracts such as Cordia sebestena flower [19], Rheum palmatum L. root [20], Euphorbia pulcherrima flower [21], and Caesalpinia bonducella seed [22] have been reported for successful synthesis of CuO NPs
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