Abstract
The usage of HTTPS protocol is essential for secure communication with websites, especially when it comes to the websites of local municipalities. This protocol ensures the confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of online data transmissions, protecting users from unauthorised access and data breaches. By implementing HTTPS, municipalities can provide a secure and reliable online experience for their citizens and build trust in their digital services. This paper presents the Municipality2HTTPS research project, which aim is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current state of HTTPS implementation in approximately 8,000 Italian municipalities’ websites. The study was conducted using the purpose-built software platform, named MunicipalityEvaluator, and the results were aggregated both geographically and demographically based on a numerical score derived from a specific scoring system: this system was obtained by expanding the requirements set forth by Italian regulations on the topic. The obtained results identified several areas for improvement in HTTPS implementation and regulatory compliance, including the need for more awareness-raising activities and support for municipalities with limited technical expertise. The results also revealed discrepancies between regions and demographic groups in terms of HTTPS implementation and regulatory compliance.
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