Mundgesundheit und Mundgesundheitsverhalten von Schülern mit Behinderungen aus Weimar Stadt und Land

Abstract

IntroductionAim of the study was the assessment of current data on oral health of students with disabilities from the city and the district of Weimar.IntroductionMaterial and Method: In total 604 students with intellectual disabilities (ID), sensory disabilities (SD) and other impairments (OI) were examined. Caries was scored by using WHO standard criteria (1997). Prevalence of fissure sealants was recorded. Periodontal health was assessed by the periodontal screening index (PSI). Oral health behaviour of students with disabilities, parental school education and occupation were asked questionnaire based. Oral health data of students with and without disabilities were compared descriptively for the age groups 5–10 yrs., 11–14 yrs. and 15–23 yrs.ResultsStudents with disabilities had a higher caries prevalence than healthy students (67.7 % vs. 52.5 %; p = 0.000). Caries experience in the primary dentition was lower in students with disabilities than in healthy students (1.0 ± 2.0 dmft vs. 1.3 ± 2.1 dmft; p = 0.000). However, in the permanent dentition healthy students had a lower caries experience (0.5 ± 1.3 DMFT) than students with disabilities (1.8 ± 3.1 DMFT; p = 0.000). The care index was not different between students with (66.2 %) and without disabilities (69.3 %). Students with ID revealed a higher caries prevalence and experience (58.2 %, 2.7 ± 3.9 DMFT) than students with SD (34.5 %, p = 0.004; 0.8 ± 1.4 DMFT; p = 0.001) and student with OI (46.5 %; p = 0.028; 1.7 ± 2.9 DMFT; p = 0.003). The prevalence of fissure sealants was 35.8 % in students with disabilities; on average one tooth was sealed.The highest prevalence of fissure sealants was present in students with OI (39.2 %) and the lowest (24.5 %) in students with ID. Nearly half of the parents with students with disabilities 48.3 % responded to the questionnaire. Students aged 6–10 yrs. with ADHS medication revealed more severe periodontal health compared to students without this medication (PSI 0.7 ± 0.6 vs. 0.3 ± 0.6; p = 0.012).Students of mothers with lower education had a higher caries experience than those of mothers with higher education level (1.6 ± 2.2 DMFT vs. 1.0 ± 2.7 DMFT; p = 0.014).ConclusionStudents with disabilities living in the city and district of Weimar were disadvantaged regarding their oral health compared to their healthy contemporaries. Improvement of group and individualized preventive care, particularly using of fissure sealants, is needed. Furthermore, networking of local partners for initiation of new preventive care strategies is crucial. Cooperation of all partners could be enhance oral health of individuals with disabilities.