Abstract
BackgroundMumps vaccination coverage is low in Japan, partly because of its voluntary nature. Although pediatric cases of mumps virus infection are captured by the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases program under the Infectious Disease Law, there are currently no data regarding the occurrence of mumps and its complications in adults.MethodsWe investigated the annual incidence rates of mumps and its complications based on health insurance reimbursement data for 5,209,660 individuals aged 0–64 years for 2005–2017, obtained from JMDC Inc., to estimate the mumps-related disease burden during this period.ResultsThere were three mumps outbreaks (2006, 2010, and 2016) during 2005–2017. The annual incidence of mumps was highest in individuals aged 0–5 years (808–3,792 per 100,000 persons), followed by those aged 6–15 years (658–2,141 per 100,000 persons). The incidence of mumps was higher in females than in males (male/female ratio, 0.90). Among mumps-related complications, the overall incidence (per 1,000 mumps cases) was highest for orchitis (6.6), followed by meningitis (5.8), deafness (1.3), pancreatitis (0.5), and encephalitis (0.3). No cases of oophoritis were noted. The overall incidence of mumps-related complications was 2.5 times higher in males than in females.ConclusionsThis study revealed the disease burden due to mumps and its complications in Japan during 2005–2017. These data suggest the need for mumps-prevention measures in adolescents and adults, as well as in children.
Highlights
Mumps is a viral infection primarily affecting children, causing inflammation of the parotid gland, potentially leading to serious complications, such as orchitis, meningitis, encephalitis, and pancreatitis.[1]
MMR vaccines were discontinued in April 1993 because of reports of aseptic meningitis caused by the mumps vaccine element of the MMR vaccines.[7]
Monovalent mumps vaccines have since been used for vaccination on a voluntary basis, but the vaccination coverage has been as low as 20–30%, with large-scale mumps outbreaks repeated every 4 or 5 years
Summary
Mumps is a viral infection primarily affecting children, causing inflammation of the parotid gland, potentially leading to serious complications, such as orchitis, meningitis, encephalitis, and pancreatitis.[1] Live attenuated mumps vaccines were developed in the 1960s,2–4 and mumps vaccines have recently been introduced into the routine pediatric immunization program in more than 120 countries,[5] resulting in a marked reduction in mumps outbreaks. Mumps vaccination in Japan was started in 1981 but the vaccination rate was low because of the voluntary nature of the vaccination, with major outbreaks every 3 to 5 years.[6] Measlesmumps-rubella (MMR) vaccines were introduced into the routine immunization program in April 1989, resulting in an increased vaccination rate and decrease in reported mumps cases. Pediatric cases of mumps virus infection are captured by the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases program under the Infectious Disease Law, there are currently no data regarding the occurrence of mumps and its complications in adults
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