Abstract
AbstractMultivesicular vesicles, i. e. vesicles containing internal, non‐concentrically arranged smaller vesicles, are artificial, polymolecular compartment systems, which can be prepared from naturally occurring or fully synthetic bilayer‐forming amphiphiles in aqueous solution through various guided assembly procedures. The general concepts for the preparation of such “vesicles‐inside‐vesicles” systems (also called “vesosomes”) are summarized, and the different methods used are compared. Selected applications of multivesicular vesicles in the field of drug delivery, cell‐mimicking model systems, and as versatile compartments for the investigation of confined reactions are discussed.
Highlights
Method (8) is based on previous demonstrations that GUVs can be obtained by blowing a microfluidic jet of an aqueous solution onto a fluid planar bilayer consisting of amphiphiles and some “oil” molecules that are used for the bilayer formation.[3,60]
Besides the obvious physical barrier that the external membrane provides against enzymes, their main advantage over conventional liposomes is the capability of individually tuning each of their internal vesicle membranes to improve control and substantially prolong content release, decreasing the frequency of administration.[77]
MVVs are more stable than unilamellar vesicles, having released less than 20 % of their content after 8 h, whereas liposomes released over 80 % of their contents in the same period
Summary
Vesicles containing internal vesicles often form to some extent accidentally upon dispersing vesicle-forming amphiphiles in an aqueous medium under mechanical agitation (by hand shaking or by using a vortex mixer) or by repetitive freezing and Camila Betterelli Giuliano is currently doing a. The topic of his PhD thesis is focused on the exploration of possible roles of polymolecular assemblies (micelles and vesicles) on the promotion and regulation of certain chemical reactions. Thawing, see Figure 3.[37] Such treatments are often applied to speed up the hydration of the polar head groups of dried amphiphiles and to accelerate the resulting bilayer formation, as the initial step for the preparation of sub-micrometer-sized unilamellar vesicles. Why such relatively ill-defined treatments yield MVVs in addition to the expected multi- or oligolamellar vesicles, often is not clear.
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