Abstract
A new multivariate statistical process variability control scheme, the multivariate double sampling (MDS) |S| control chart scheme for controlling shifts in a variance–covariance matrix, is proposed. An MDS |S| chart is a double-stage extension of a single-stage control chart based on the sample generalized variance. The statistical efficiency in terms of average run length of the MDS |S| charts is compared with that of traditional and adaptive sample size control charts based on the sample generalized variance for a bivariate case. The results of the comparison show that the MDS |S| charts provide a significant improvement in efficiency for detecting shifts of any range over these schemes. The performance of the MDS |S| charts in terms of detecting power is also compared with that of the modified likelihood ratio test, the sum of standardized variances for principal components charts and a decomposition procedure. The results of the comparison show that for certain out-of-control situations, the performance of the MDS |S| chart is among those of the best schemes.
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