Abstract
Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) germplasm consisting 167 accessions including one check cultivar was evaluated for qualitative and quantitative traits. The present study was conducted to investigate genetic diversity and correlation among studied genotypes of B. juncea L. based on agro-morphological at NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan. To investigate the genetic diversity based on morphological characters, data was recorded on 20 quantitative and 12 qualitative traits. The calculated data was analyzed through two complementary methods, i.e. PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and cluster analysis. Among all the studied cultivars, significant diversity was recorded for different agro-morphological characters. Among all the parameters, maximum variance was recorded for pod shattering (427.2) followed by plant height (345.6), days to 100% flowering (336.2) and main raceme length (210.0). Among all the characters, the greatest and highly significant association (0.99) was found between days to maturity 50% and days to maturity 100% followed by correlation (0.86) among days to flowering 50% and days to flowering 100%, correlation value (0.71) was calculated among leaf length and leaf width. Using cluster analysis all the genotypes were divided into five major groups. It was observed that 7 out of 20 principal components with an Eigen value of ≥1.0 calculated for 73.92% of the total diversity observed between 167 accessions of Indian mustard (B. juncea L.). The contribution of first three PCs in the total PCs was 23.25, 12.87 and 11.24, respectively. Among all the investigated accessions two genotypes 26,813 and 26,817 showed great potential for seeds/silique, 1000-seed weight and seed yield/plant, respectively, so these genotypes are recommended for future breeding programs for achieving promising results.
Highlights
Brassica juncea L. commonly known as Indian mustard is globally used as oilseed, vegetable and condiments
The calculated data was analyzed through two complementary methods, i.e. principal component analysis (PCA) (Principal Component Analysis) and cluster analysis
It was observed that 7 out of 20 principal components with an Eigen value of ≥1.0 calculated for 73.92% of the total diversity observed between 167 accessions of Indian mustard (B. juncea L.)
Summary
Brassica juncea L. commonly known as Indian mustard is globally used as oilseed, vegetable and condiments. B. juncea annually grows as wild and cultivated species over a large geographical range, across the Asia, Africa, Australia, America and Europe [1]. In the genus Brassicaceae, Indian mustard is one of the highly significant crop species. In Pakistan after cotton and rape seed, Indian mustard is the third highly important source of oil [2] [3]. Pakistan being an agricultural country but it is deficient in the oilseed production and a large amount ($ 1054.7 million) is spent on the import about 77% of edible oil. Pakistan pays the second largest import bill for edible oil among food items [4]
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