Abstract
Water quality is relevant due to the complexity of the interaction of physicochemical and biological parameters. The Irrigation District 005 (ID005) is one of the most important agricultural region in Chihuahua, México; for that reason, it was proposed to investigate the water quality of the site. Water samples were collected in two periods: Summer (S1) and Fall (S2). The samples were taken from 65 wells in S1, and 54 wells in S2. Physicochemical parameters (PhP) such as Arsenic (As), Temperature, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Oxide Reduction Potential (ORP), Hardness, pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and Turbidity were analyzed. The data were subjected to statistical principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA) and spatial variability tests. In both seasons, the TDS exceeded the Mexican maximum permissible level (MPL) (35% S1, 39% S2). Turbidity exceeded the MPL in S1 (29%) and in S2 (12%). Arsenic was above the MPL for water of agricultural use in 9% (S1) and 13% (S2) of the wells. The PCA results suggested that most variations in water quality in S1 were due to As, pH and Temperature, followed by EC, TDS and Hardness; while in S2 to EC, TDS and Hardness, followed by As and pH.
Highlights
Economic development, industrialization and urbanization, along with population growth, lead to an accelerated water consumption, which has generated concern of fresh water as a scarce resource [1,2].Water quality is an important factor that affects human health and ecological systems [3]
Groundwater is the support of agricultural activities and it is essential is an important standard for crop production and food security [4]
Pollutants present in irrigation water can get accumulated in crops, causing serious clinical and physiological problems to humans when consumed it in large amounts in food [5,6]
Summary
Industrialization and urbanization, along with population growth, lead to an accelerated water consumption, which has generated concern of fresh water as a scarce resource [1,2].Water quality is an important factor that affects human health and ecological systems [3]. Pollutants present in irrigation water can get accumulated in crops, causing serious clinical and physiological problems to humans when consumed it in large amounts in food [5,6]. Water quality for various applications is determined by its physical characteristics, chemical composition, biological parameters and uses [1,7]. These parameters reflect the inputs from natural sources, including atmosphere, soil and particular geological characteristics of each region, as well, as anthropogenic influence of various activities [8,9,10]
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