Multivariate analysis of the effects of edaphic and topographical factors on plant distribution in the Yilong Lake Basin of Yun-Gui Plateau, China

Abstract

The relationships between environmental factors (soil and topography) and plant (shrub and herb) distribution on different hillside habitats in the Yilong Lake basin, southwest China, are examined. Surveys of 31 shrub sites and 31 herb sites, as well as seven edaphic and four topographic factors, on the northern and southern slopes around the Yilong Lake were performed monthly in October and November, 2004, and in November and December, 2005. Two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) was used to classify the plant communities, showing that the shrub community types on the northern and southern slopes were different, in contrast with the herb communities. Canonical correspondence analysis was conducted to clarify the relationships between vegetation and environmental factors in order to interpret the distribution of the communities and compare the relative importance among the environmental factors to the vegetation. The results showed that: (1) the combined effects of topography and soil explained 30.3% of the variability of shrub species distribution and 28.4% of the variability of herb species distribution; (2) the single effects of soil and topography explained 23.8 and 23.5% of shrub species distribution and 22.1 and 17.6% of herb species distribution, respectively; (3) slope aspect was the most important factor influencing shrub and herb distribution; and (4) specific site characteristics have important implications for effective vegetation management strategies and restoration of native species communities. Key words: Canonical correspondence analysis, ecology, soil, topography, vegetation distribution