Multivariate analysis of the data and speciation of heavy metals in street dust samples from the Organized Industrial District in Kayseri (Turkey)

Abstract

The concentrations of metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in 29 dust samples collected from the streets of the Organized Industrial District (OID) in Kayseri (Turkey) were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The modified three-step BCR sequential extraction procedure was used in order to evaluate mobility, availability and persistence of trace elements in street dust samples. Multivariate statistical analysis was applied to the obtained data. Three operationally defined fractions isolated using the BCR procedure were: acid extractable, reducible, and oxidizable. The mobility sequence based on the sum of the BCR sequential extraction stages was: Cd (93.3%)>Zn (83.8%)>Pb (77.2%)>Co (75.9%)>Mn (73.0%)>Ni (60.1%)>Cu (59.0%)>Cr (58.6%). Correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were applied to the data matrix to evaluate the analytical results and to identify the possible pollution sources of metals. PCA revealed that the sampling area was mainly influenced from three sources, namely industrial, traffic and natural sources. Validation of the analytical results was checked by analysis of the BCR-701 certified reference material.