Multivariate analysis of road traffic noise in Gandia (Spain) during 24 hours and its evolution in the last decades

Abstract

Road traffic noise is one of the most widespread and growing problems in urban areas. While it has long been known that hearing can be damaged by exposure to noise, it is also believed that continual noise, even at low or moderate intensity, can cause psychological discomfort and sleep disorders. Traffic noise levels in urban areas are increasing, and the areas affected by noise are spreading. As a result of these problems, legislation has been introduced by the city council to control the noise produced by individual vehicles with the aim of eventually producing traffic noise levels which are acceptable to the public. In this paper, therefore, aspects which connect the evolution of the road traffic noise in the last decades and the development of the infrastructure of the city are discussed. The study was carried out in Gandia (Spain), which is situated on the East Coast of the country, 65 kms from Valencia and 100 kms from Benidorn. The population has increased from 50 000 to 60 000 in the last 15 years, and the traffic distribution of the city has changed during this time, with a new bridge and some highways around the urban area. The main objective of this paper is to characterize the effects of the road traffic noise during 24 h (between 1983 and 1997), and including such aspects as traffic density and psychological aspects. The analysis part was performed by using multivariate analysis methods (MVA). Multivariate analysis methods can be used to investigate relationships between all the variables by extracting information from data with many variables and treating them simultaneously.