Multivariate analysis of polyphenolic content and in vitro antioxidant capacity of wild and cultivated berries from Bosnia and Herzegovina

Aleksandra Marjanovic,Aida Lugusic,Jasmina Djedjibegovic,Luciano Saso,Miroslav Sober

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-98896-8

Aleksandra Marjanovic, Aida Lugusic + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98896-8

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity, total phenolics, total flavonoid, proanthocyanidins, and anthocyanins content of eight berry species, namely serviceberry, gooseberry, blackberry, black chokeberry, bilberry, red currant, black currant, and cornelian cherry harvested in the regions of Sarajevo and Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The antioxidant activity was determined by a battery of in vitro tests including DPPH radical assay, FRAP assay, ABTS assay, and phosphomolybdate test for total antioxidant capacity. Total phenolics, total flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins ranged from 0.834 to 6.921 mg TAE (tannic acid equivalents), 0.081–0.673 mg of quercetin, and 0.162–3.247 mg of catechin per gram of fresh fruit, respectively. The water extract of fruits had considerable levels of tested constituents and antioxidant activity, with the highest results obtained for black chokeberry. The multivariate clustering analysis showed that water extracts of analyzed species of berries belong to four distinct types in terms of their antioxidants levels and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, these results support the opinion that employment of multiple antioxidant tests is indeed required for adequate in vitro assessment of antioxidant capacity. Results also emphasized the need for a more detailed evaluation of the fruit species with good antioxidant potential (relative to standards), such as cornelian cherry and gooseberry, which are abundant yet not frequently consumed in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Highlights

The oxidative stress theory of aging relies on the hypothesis that accumulation of the oxidative damage on cell macromolecules induced by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) causes various age-related functional losses
The concentration of phenolic compounds in analyzed samples are presented in Antioxidant capacity assessed by different tests
Our results clearly show this difference since the Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assay was the only of the four tests which did not show a good correlation with total phenolics in our samples (Table 3)

Summary

Introduction

The oxidative stress theory of aging relies on the hypothesis that accumulation of the oxidative damage on cell macromolecules induced by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) causes various age-related functional losses. Native to eastern North America, it is intensively cultivated in Europe in the last century It gains popularity in recent years since it is a rich source of many bioactive compounds with a wide range of health-promoting p roperties[13]. Serviceberry (Amelanchier ovalis Medik.) is native to Central and Southern Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East This wild fruit can be found in wild edible flora of Bosnia and Herzegovina[15]. Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.) is distributed throughout Europe, Asia, North and South America, and Oceania It contains anthocyanins (predominantly cyanidin based in non-acylated form), phenolic acids, flavonoids, vitamins (A, C, and E), minerals (Zn, Cu, Al, Mn, and Fe), and c arotenoids[18]

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