Multivariate Analysis of Phenotypic Diversity of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Landraces from Lamjung and Tanahun Districts, Nepal

Anup Dhakal,Ankur Poudel,Amrit Pokhrel,Shishir Sharma,Mehdi Rahimi

doi:10.1155/2020/8867961

Anup Dhakal, Ankur Poudel + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8867961

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Abstract

The magnitude and nature of genetic divergence play a vital role in the selection of the desirable landraces for its utilization in the breeding program. A study was carried out with 30 rice landraces at the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Lamjung Campus, during June–November 2018 to determine relation among individuals, estimate the relative contribution of various traits of rice using principal component analysis, and identify the potential parents for hybridization using Mahalanobis distance (D2). The principal component analysis revealed that five among the thirteen principal components were significant (eigenvalue >1) and contributed to 29.96%, 20.26%, 13.56%, 11.68%, and 9.22% of the total variance, respectively. PC1 included the traits that were related mostly to the yield, yield attributing, and grain characteristics. Landraces from Anadi group, Jetho Budo, Jarneli, and Rato Masino performed well in PC1 while landraces such as Mansara, Pakhe Sali, and Aanga performed well in PC2. The landraces were grouped into six clusters where 12 landraces were grouped into cluster I. Cluster analysis showed maximum and minimum intracluster distance in cluster VI (D2 = 35.77) and cluster I (D2 = 18.59), respectively. The maximum intercluster distance was obtained between clusters V and VI (D2 = 40.18) followed by clusters III and VI (D2 = 36.17) and clusters IV and VI (D2 = 35.74). Cluster III showed the highest mean value for grain width, flag leaf breadth, yield, and minimum mean value for plant height while mean values of total grain per panicle, filled grain percentage, and thousand-grain weight were maximum in cluster IV. Mean values of effective tiller and kernel width were found maximum in clusters V and VI, respectively. Landraces from clusters V and VI or clusters III and VI or clusters IV and VI can be used in the hybridization program to develop the superior hybrids by exploiting heterosis in segregating generation.

Highlights

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major and staple foods for more than half of the world’s population
Nepal is so rich in rice accessions, Nepal has been using foreign germplasm or landraces as parents in rice breeding programs [4]
Half dose of nitrogen and a full dose of potassium and phosphorus were applied as a basal dose and remaining nitrogen was applied in an equal split in tillering and panicle initiation stage

Summary

Introduction

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major and staple foods for more than half of the world’s population. Almost 90% of the world’s rice is grown and consumed in Asia, where 50% of the population depends on rice for food [1]. About 2500 rice landraces and 8389 rice accessions from Nepal are recorded [3]. Nepal is so rich in rice accessions, Nepal has been using foreign germplasm or landraces as parents in rice breeding programs [4]. Out of all released rice varieties, only 5 landraces have been improved to variety by mass selection and pure line selection [5]; other 10 varieties have been developed by landrace/exotic genotype crossing and selection where landraces such as Jarneli, Pokhreli Masino, Chhomrong, and Jumli Marsi were used as parents [6]

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