Abstract
ABSTRACT Biosurfactants are natural hydrocarbon surfactant compounds that decrease surface tension and have a high emulsifying capacity. Biosurfactants are produced through microbial metabolic processes and have several advantages over chemical surfactants, including low toxicity and high biodegradability. Bioremediation offers the possibility of eliminating or transforming various contaminant compounds present in soil and water. Fungi are effective transforming agents due to their ability to degrade a diverse variety of organic substances. Thus, considering the potential of fungi to produce biosurfactants and the importance of these compounds for various industrial processes, the objective of this work was to verify the effects and interactions of different concentrations of various nutrients on biosurfactant production in three coprinaceous fungi isolates. These isolates were obtained from spent mushroom substrate (SMS) produced during the edible mushroom growth process. All three fungal isolates, termed FS-4.1, FS-4.2, and FS-4.3, were potential sources for biosurfactant production, as evidenced by the emulsifier index of the fermentation medium. However, biosurfactant production was maximum in isolate FS-4.1, yielding an emulsifier index of 73.45%. To optimize the FS-4.1 biosurfactant production process, corn oil, glycerol, and yeast extract must be absent from the fermentation medium (to minimize negative effects on the process) and increase the amounts of glucose and soy oil.
Highlights
Biosurfactants are biopolymers of microbial origin that are composed of hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties
The production of fungal biosurfactants has rarely been described in the literature, some studies have reported on the ability of specific fungi, mainly ascomycetous yeasts and filamentous fungi, to produce these compounds (Sen et al, 2017; Sanches et al, 2018; Da Silva et al, 2019)
The combination of soybean oil with corn oil or glycerol did not reduce the emulsifier index significantly (62.50 and 59.76, respectively). These results indicate that various combinations of culture medium components yield high values of emulsifier index
Summary
Biosurfactants are biopolymers of microbial origin (bacteria, yeasts, and fungi) that are composed of hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties. Biosurfactants comprise a large group of chemical compounds, including glycolipids, lipopeptides, phospholipids, lipoproteins, and lipidpolysaccharide complexes (Van Hamme; Singh; Ward, 2006). Their potential applications include their use as emulsifiers, conditioners, cosmetics, and in food industries (Asgher et al, 2020). Previous studies have mostly described the production of biosurfactants from bacteria (Joshi et al, 2008; Zhao et al, 2017; Rani; Weadge; Jabaji, 2020). The production of fungal biosurfactants has rarely been described in the literature, some studies have reported on the ability of specific fungi, mainly ascomycetous yeasts and filamentous fungi, to produce these compounds (Sen et al, 2017; Sanches et al, 2018; Da Silva et al, 2019). Biosurfactants are produced by all fungal species, previous studies on biosurfactant production from basidiomycetes are scarce
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