Abstract
An EF1 tornado associated with tropical cyclone (TC) Ewiniar hit Dali Town, Foshan, Guangdong Province at 06:03 UTC on June 8, 2018, and the first special tornado warning was issued to five towns at 05:05 UTC. This paper utilizes minute- scale observations from an X-band dual-polarization radar and measurements from an S-band Doppler radar to resolve the polarization characteristics associated with this tornado. In addition, second-scale atmospheric pressure data obtained from micropressure gauge and NCEP FNL (Final) Operational Global Analysis data are used to investigate the synoptic conditions and features of gravity waves (GWs). The conspicuous features of the descending reflectivity core, Doppler velocity couplet, ZDR arc, KDP foot, and the separation of the ZDR arc and KDP foot are detailed to quantify the tornadic evolution. The amplitude fluctuation of the GWs suddenly increased to 77.3 Pa two hours before the tornado occurred. Two focus regions with KDP values greater than 6/km are discussed by combining the Doppler velocity couplet and ZDR arc. The separation distance of the ZDR arc and KDP foot was approximately 2.1 km. The appearance of these features may be indicative of fundamental processes intrinsic to tornado storms.
Highlights
T ORNADOES are one of the most violent weather phenomena and are always accompanied by strong convective weather, such as hail, heavy rain, and thunderstorms
Differences in observations between S-band and X-band radar during tornadic supercells summarized by Snyder et al [23] revealed that the ZDR arc emerges along the inflow side of the forward-flank downdraft (FFD), representing size sorting, as mentioned by Kumjian and Ryzhkov [21]
An EF1 tornado associated with tropical cyclone (TC) Ewiniar occurred in Dali Town, Guangdong Province, on June 8, 2018
Summary
T ORNADOES are one of the most violent weather phenomena and are always accompanied by strong convective weather, such as hail, heavy rain, and thunderstorms. Differences in observations between S-band and X-band radar during tornadic supercells summarized by Snyder et al [23] revealed that the ZDR arc emerges along the inflow side of the forward-flank downdraft (FFD), representing size sorting, as mentioned by Kumjian and Ryzhkov [21] These separated horizontal scale features on radar displays occur due to sorting of drops based on size because smaller drops take longer to fall through a layer than larger drops do, and this residence time allows smaller drops to advect farther downstream by the storm-relative winds than larger drops.
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