Abstract
We report a colorimetric assay to detect influenza A virus using sialyllactose-levan-conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). We successfully conjugated 2, 3- and 2, 6-sialyllactose to levan and synthesized sialyllactose-levan-conjugated AuNPs. Each sialyllactose-conjugated levan specifically interacted with a recognizable lectin. Synthesized sialyllactose-conjugated levan acted as reducing and coating agents during the formation of AuNPs. Human influenza A virus specifically bound to 2, 6-sialyllactose-levan-conjugated AuNPs. Moreover, 2, 6-sialyllactose-conjugated levan AuNPs rapidly changed color from red to blue after incubation with human influenza virus. For detecting avian influenza virus, 2, 3-sialyllactose-levan-conjugated AuNPs were more effective than 2, 6-sialyllactose-levan-conjugated AuNPs. Therefore, the efficient targeting and diagnosis of influenza virus according to origin was possible. The deployment of sialyllactose-levan-conjugated particles for the detection of influenza virus is simple and quick. The limit of detection (L.O.D) of H1N1 influenza virus was 7.4 × 103 pfu using 2, 6-siallylactose-levan-conjugated AuNPs and H5N2 influenza virus was 4.2 × 103 pfu using 2, 3-siallylactose-levan- conjugated AuNPs.
Highlights
Influenza is the most common infectious disease in the world [1]
Levan was conjugated to sialyllactose by the EDC coupling method, and IR peaks of 2, 3-sialyllactoseand 2, 6-sialyllactose-conjugated levan appeared to indicate the conjugation was confirmed by FTIR and NMR analyses (Figure 1)
The results show that the color of sialyllactose-levan-conjugated A virus using sialyllactose-levanconjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) incubated with even a high concentration of FBS (50%) did not change, indicating that AuNPs do not interact with serum proteins
Summary
Influenza is the most common infectious disease in the world [1]. theH1N1 virus rapidly and widely spread in 2009, and pandemic forms of influenza A virus have appeared all around the world [2]. Influenza is the most common infectious disease in the world [1]. H1N1 virus rapidly and widely spread in 2009, and pandemic forms of influenza A virus have appeared all around the world [2]. Influenza virus infects the body by binding to sialic acid on cells [3,4]. Influenza A viruses have a variety of different hosts, including humans, swine, and birds. The recognition receptor of hemagglutinin (HA) in influenza virus varies according to the host of the influenza virus.
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