Multitrophic interactions between a Rhizoctonia sp. and mycorrhizal fungi affect Scots pine seedling performance in nursery soil.

Abstract

• Interspecific variation in ectomycorrhizal fungal (ECMF) control of a root pathogenic uninucleate Rhizoctonia sp. (UnR) was identified in vitro and in planta. • Fungal-fungal and host-fungal interactions were assessed in direct confrontation and cell-free assays, the rhizosphere of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedling radicles and seedling mycorrhizospheres developed in N-limited nursery soil. • Isolates of Suillus bovinus inhibited UnR growth although no agar-diffusable fungicidal activity was detected. Presence of nonsymbiotic ECMF mycelia did not prevent UnR colonization of radicle apices and the onset of damping-off symptoms. Seedlings hosting S. bovinus mycorrhizas and extensive extramatrical mycelium showed vigorous and healthy shoot growth after a 168-d UnR challenge. Root biomass of Wilcoxina mikolae and Paxillus involutus colonized seedlings were negatively affected by both low soil nutrient status and UnR exposure. However, UnR was isolated from long and mycorrhizal short roots in all ECMF coinoculation treatments. • The differential responses highlight multitrophic host-fungal interaction dynamics that require further characterization in the development of 'efficient' UnR biological control solutions utilizing mycorrhizal fungal inoculants.