Abstract
In this study, hybrid nanocomposites consisting of Fe3O4/BaTiO3/epoxy resin were prepared with varying amounts of filer content. Structural and morphological characterization, conducted via X-Ray Diffraction patterns and Scanning Electron Microscopy images, revealed the successful fabrication of composites and fine dispersion of inclusions. Thermomechanical properties are studied via Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Thermogravimetric Analysis, Dynamic Mechanical Analysis and static mechanical tests. Hybrid composites exhibit enhanced thermal stability and improved mechanical response. Indicatively, Young’s modulus, tensile strength and fracture toughness increase from 1.26 GPa, 22.25 MPa, and 3.03 kJ/m3 for the neat epoxy to 1.39 GPa, 45.73 MPa, and 41.08 kJ/m3 for the composites with 20 or 15 parts per hundred resin per mass (phr) of Fe3O4, respectively. Electrical behavior is investigated via Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy and ac conductivity measurements. The real part of dielectric permittivity reaches the value of 11.11 at 30 °C for the composite with 40 phr of Fe3O4. The ability to store and retrieve electric energy on the nanocomposites is examined with the following parameters: the filler content and the applied voltage under dc conditions. Retrieved energy reaches 79.23% of the stored one, for the system with 15 phr of Fe3O4. Magnetic response is studied via a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer. Magnetic saturation, for the system with the highest magnetic filler content, obtains the value of 25.38 Am2/kg, while pure magnetic powder attains the value of 86.75 Am2/kg. Finally, the multifunctional performance of the nanocomposites is assessed regarding all the exerted stimuli and the optimum behavior is discussed.
Highlights
The impact of materials upon societies and everyday living has been high throughout the whole history of human beings and civilization
Glass transition temperature remains practically unaffected by filler content, implying balanced interactions between the particles and between particles and the matrix
Optimum dielectric behavior corresponds to the 40 phr Fe3O4/10 phr BaTiO3/epoxy resin hybrid composite
Summary
The impact of materials upon societies and everyday living has been high throughout the whole history of human beings and civilization. The continuously increasing demands of modern society for high-tech products and equipment impel the introduction of novel and advanced engineering materials. The vital role of materials in all technological applications, including but not limited to mechanical engineering, transportation, electrical and electronic engineering, energy, biomedical applications, and sports industry, appends requirements for light-weight, environmentally friendly, corrosion-resistant, thermo-mechanical-strengthened and low-cost engineering materials. Depending on the specific application optical clarity, electrical and magnetic behavior should be added. All these properties must be present simultaneously in the same material and, according to the imposed stimuli, the suitable response or responses should be executed.
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