Abstract

The development of highly active and stable electrocatalysts for the acid oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is both appealing and challenging. The generation of defects is an emerging strategy for improving the water oxidation efficiency. Herein, we introduced multitasking Ca ions to trigger oxygen vacancies in RuO2, resulting in vacancy-rich RuO2 (RuO2-Ov) nanoparticles with enhanced and sustainable OER activity. The oxygen vacancy in RuO2-Ov breaks the symmetry of the RuO6 octahedron, enhancing the d-band center of Ru and reducing the level of 4d-2p hybridization in Ru-O bonds. This effectively optimizes intermediate adsorption and inhibits Ru dissolution. The RuO2-OV catalyst achieves a current density of 10 mA/cm2 with an overpotential of only 198 mV, stabilizing for over 100 h (degradation rate: 0.2 mV/h). Its mass activity is 17.9 times higher than that of commercial RuO2. Our work highlights that multitasking atomic construction defect engineering effectively balances the seesaw relationship between catalytic activity and stability.

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