Multi-Target Approach of Murraya koenigii Leaves in Treating Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Mario A Tan,Niti Sharma,Seong Soo A An

doi:10.3390/ph15020188

Mario A Tan, Niti Sharma + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15020188

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Journal: Pharmaceuticals	Publication Date: Feb 2, 2022
Citations: 12	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: University of Santo Tomas, Gachon University

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) mainly affect neurons and gradually lead to a loss of normal motor and cognitive functions. Atypical protein homeostasis—misfolding, aggregations and accumulations, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis—are common features in most NDs. To date, due to the complex etiology and pathogenesis of NDs, no defined treatment is available. There has been increasing interest in plant extracts as potential alternative medicines as the presence of various active components may exert synergistic and multi-pharmacological effects. Murraya koenigii (Rutaceae) is utilized in Ayurvedic medicine for various ailments. Pharmacological studies evidenced its potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective activities, among others. In line with our interest in exploring natural agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, this review presents an overview of literature concerning the mechanisms of action and the safety profile of significant bioactive components present in M. koenigii leaves to support further investigations into their neuroprotective therapeutic potential.

Highlights

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a broad term used to define a range of disorders (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy body, frontal temporal dementia, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, prion disease, and many more) primarily affecting the neurons and leading, to the progressive loss of normal motor functions and the decline in cognitive functions
Traditional medicinal plants have gained importance during the last few decades, and evidence has been presented for their therapeutic actions, allowing the traditional knowledge of plants to be streamlined with the modern system of medicine to achieve health benefits
This review presented substantial evidence in relation to the mechanistic aspects of M. koenigii leaves in ameliorating several neurodegenerative disorders

Summary

Introduction

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a broad term used to define a range of disorders (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy body, frontal temporal dementia, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, prion disease, and many more) primarily affecting the neurons and leading, to the progressive loss of normal motor functions and the decline in cognitive functions. The total number of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients is estimated to be over 100 million by the year 2050 [2]. Oxidative stress, atypical protein folding, inflammation, and apoptosis are common to the majority of NDs. Due to complex etiology and pathogenesis of NDs, to date, there are no defined treatments that can reverse the progressive degeneration of neurons and cure these diseases. Murraya koenigii (curry-leaf tree) was a small, tropical to sub-tropical shrub or tree growing up to 6 m in height, belonging to the family Rutaceae. It can be found in countries like India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh. The safety evaluation of M. koenigii leaves is explored

Phytochemistry of Murraya koenigii

Clinical Studies

Toxicity of Murraya koenigii Leaves

Findings

Conclusions and Future Directions