Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Post COVID-19 Infection: Diagnosis and Treatment from the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) at a Tertiary Hospital in the Kingdom of Bahrain.

Abstract

Post coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections, children presented with varying clinical manifestations of a Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). The aim of our study is to identify the clinical manifestations upon admission to paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and to identify how different treatments affected post-treatment outcomes. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study included 11 patients diagnosed with multisystem inflammatory syndrome based on the World Health Organization (WHO) classification and treated by intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) with/without corticosteroids. Results: There were six female and five male patients with an average age of 5.08±4.7 years. Ten had a confirmed positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV-2) serological antibody test or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, with one having only contact history. The most common systems affected by MIS-C were gastrointestinal and ophthalmological presentations. All presented with fever and raised inflammatory markers (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, ferritin, d-dimer, and lactate dehydrogenase). There was no statistical difference between both treatment groups. Clinical and inflammatory markers significantly improved in both groups. This study highlights an improved outcome associated with combination therapy, although there is no statistical significance between both groups.