Abstract
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Highlights
Hepatitis A is an acute illness caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV), which is characterised by dark urine, discoloured faeces, fatigue, fever and jaundice
For cases considered in the case–control study which had already participated in the trawling questionnaire, we developed a supplementary questionnaire including only the detailed questions on exposures of interest
As all countries affected by the outbreak had explicit HAV vaccination recommendations for travellers to Egypt, we aimed to study the vaccination status and reasons for non-vaccination among cases in order to find out if awareness of these recommendations should be improved
Summary
Hepatitis A is an acute illness caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV), which is characterised by dark urine, discoloured faeces, fatigue, fever and jaundice. Transmission mainly occurs through ingestion of contaminated food and water, and via the faecal–oral route among close contacts to infected persons. The risk of developing symptomatic illness following HAV infection is related to age: in young children (≤5 years of age), HAV infection is usually asymptomatic but among older children and adults, infection usually causes clinical disease with jaundice occurring in more than 70% of cases [2]. Hepatitis A remains one of the most common travel-related diseases among European travellers [4,5]. An effective and safe vaccine against HAV infection is available on the market since the early 1990s [2,6]
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