Abstract
Inferior charge transport in insulating and bulk discharge products is one of the main factors resulting in poor cycling stability of lithium–oxygen batteries with high overpotential and large capacity decay. Here we report a two-step oxygen reduction approach by pre-depositing a potassium carbonate layer on the cathode surface in a potassium–oxygen battery to direct the growth of defective film-like discharge products in the successive cycling of lithium–oxygen batteries. The formation of defective film with improved charge transport and large contact area with a catalyst plays a critical role in the facile decomposition of discharge products and the sustained stability of the battery. Multistaged discharge constructing lithium peroxide-based heterostructure with band discontinuities and a relatively low lithium diffusion barrier may be responsible for the growth of defective film-like discharge products. This strategy offers a promising route for future development of cathode catalysts that can be used to extend the cycling life of lithium–oxygen batteries.
Highlights
Inferior charge transport in insulating and bulk discharge products is one of the main factors resulting in poor cycling stability of lithium–oxygen batteries with high overpotential and large capacity decay
The layered spacing of CoFe layered double hydroxides (LDH) arrays calculated based on the (003) peak at 11.5° is ~7.7 Å, consistent with the spacing measured by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) (Supplementary Fig. 1c)
After chemical vapor deposition (CVD), the lamellar morphology of LDH could be maintained in PVPC@layered double oxide (LDO) (Fig. 1b, c)
Summary
Inferior charge transport in insulating and bulk discharge products is one of the main factors resulting in poor cycling stability of lithium–oxygen batteries with high overpotential and large capacity decay. Electrolyte interfacial and charge transport resistance than discharged cathode in conventional Li–O2 batteries (Fig. 2g). The existence of CO23À and the absence of the KO2 and K2O2 were further revealed by Raman spectra of discharged PVP-C@LDO and Super P electrodes at stage I (Supplementary Fig. 7).
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