Multistage Optimization Using a Modified Gaussian Mixture Model in Sperm Motility Tracking.

Mohammed Alameri,Muhammad Mokhzaini Azizan,Jerline Sheeba Anni,Nahrizul Adib Kadri,Khairunnisa Hasikin,Nashrul Fazli Mohd Nasir,Prabu Mohandas,Huiling Chen

doi:10.1155/2021/6953593

Abstract

Infertility is a condition whereby pregnancy does not occur despite having unprotected sexual intercourse for at least one year. The main reason could originate from either the male or the female, and sometimes, both contribute to the fertility disorder. For the male, sperm disorder was found to be the most common reason for infertility. In this paper, we proposed male infertility analysis based on automated sperm motility tracking. The proposed method worked in multistages, where the first stage focused on the sperm detection process using an improved Gaussian Mixture Model. A new optimization protocol was proposed to accurately detect the motile sperms prior to the sperm tracking process. Since the optimization protocol was imposed in the proposed system, the sperm tracking and velocity estimation processes are improved. The proposed method attained the highest average accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 92.3%, 96.3%, and 72.4%, respectively, when tested on 10 different samples. Our proposed method depicted better sperm detection quality when qualitatively observed as compared to other state-of-the-art techniques.

Highlights

Infertility is a medical condition that is represented by the failure of the reproduction system to produce children
The most important capability that has been noticed in our experiment is that the modified Gaussian Mixture Modelling (GMM) managed to detect all moving object or sperms
A modified GMM algorithm with the capability in optimizing sperm detection process was proposed for multisperm tracking for male infertility diagnosis

Summary

Introduction

Infertility is a medical condition that is represented by the failure of the reproduction system to produce children. Several factors lead to this condition such as genetic disorder, HIV, diabetes, cancer, or overexposure to certain environmental factors [1]. There are approximately between 48.5 and 52 million reported cases with infertility cases which is estimated to be around 15% of the total couples around the world [2]. Males alone are responsible for 20–30% of the infertility disorder, and they contribute around 50% of the overall causes [5]

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Conclusion