Abstract
Continuous crystallization process has potential advantages such as lower cost and improved flexibility in pharmaceutical production when compared to batch crystallization. A good continuous crystallization process should achieve a high product yield and purity comparable to current batch crystallization processes. For compounds that have low growth rates, a high yield is difficult to achieve without long residence times. Solids recycle is a potential solution for this problem as it can increase the surface area of crystals in the crystallizer thus increasing the mass deposition rate. In this study, solids recycle was used in a two-stage continuous mixed-suspension, mixed-product removal (MSMPR) cooling crystallization. Manual solids recycle and the use of a designed column for automatic slurry concentration were employed. The crystallization of cyclosporine, which has very low growth rate (about 0.1 μm/min) at low temperatures in acetone, showed only 65.0% yield in a two-stage MSMPR without solids recycl...
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